Iran: A global hub for Damask rose and rosewater production with a 40% market share + Pictures

Damask rose (Rosa damascena), a species of rose, is recognized as one of Iran's most important medicinal and agricultural plants due to its very strong scent and unique therapeutic properties.

According to Pars Today, Iran holds a significant position in the global market for this product, producing approximately 30 to 40 percent of the world's Damask rose. The provinces of Kashan, Isfahan, Fars, and some areas in the central and southern provinces are the main centers for its cultivation and harvest.

The harvesting of Damask rose typically takes place in the early morning hours because this is when the flowers contain the highest concentration of volatile compounds (natural fragrance). This is crucial for maintaining the final product's quality, especially for rosewater production. The main chemical compounds found in Damask rose include citral, geraniol, and nerol, which grant the plant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties.

Rosewater, the secondary product from the distillation process of Damask rose, has long held a special place in Iran's food, pharmaceutical, and perfume industries. This product is primarily produced through steam distillation—a process where steam passes through fresh flowers, carrying their aromatic compounds.

The scented steam is then cooled by passing through a condenser and collected as rosewater (flower water). Precise control of temperature and distillation time are critical principles for producing high-quality rosewater with preserved concentration and purity of aromatic compounds.

In terms of annual production, Iran produces over 2000 tons of pure rosewater, a large portion of which is exported to markets in the Persian Gulf region, West Asia, and Europe. The increasing demand for natural and organic products has paved the way for the further development of this industry.

Overall, Iranian Damask rose and rosewater are not only symbols of the bond between culture and nature but also provide significant potential for investment in specialized agriculture, processing industries, and the export of natural products.